Procurement and engineering FAQ
The questions a hardware ops lead or a component engineer actually sends us, grouped the way a programme runs: order, files, parts, quality, test, price, freight and compliance. Every answer carries a number, a standard or a named process, because that is the only kind of answer that lets you plan.
- Prototype MOQ
- 5 units
- Prototype lead time
- 5 to 8 days
- Production ARO
- 21 to 28 days
- Payment terms
- Net 30
Ordering, quantity and repeat business
How a first build is priced, how a running programme is released, and what happens when the quantity or the design moves after the order is placed.
5 units for a prototype build. That is the smallest number that still runs through the real process — same stencil, same SPI, same reflow profile, same AOI gate — rather than a hand-built sample. There is no MOQ on a production repeat order under an existing programme, because the stencil, the programming and the fixture already exist. Where an MOQ does appear it comes from material: a part that is only sold on a full reel, or a panel that wastes too much laminate under 20 units.
Most customers place an annual blanket order with monthly releases against it. The blanket fixes the material price and the lead time for 12 months; each release then runs as 21 to 28 days ARO with no repeat NRE. Releases are scheduled against your forecast rather than your order, so a busy quarter does not push you behind a queue, and kitting is planned once rather than per release.
Yes, up to the point where material is cut and kitted. Increases are usually simple if the parts are on the shelf; decreases are limited by what has already been consumed from a reel or a panel. A quantity change is answered with a delta quote inside 24 hours, and the schedule effect is stated in days rather than as a vague warning. Changes inside 5 working days of the ship date are handled as a new release.
With four things: the revision that is actually being built, the BOM, the test fixture and programming files, and a golden sample or the last known-good unit. We run a first article against your incoming board and report every difference, then build a pilot release 15 days after DFM sign-off. Nothing moves to volume until you have signed the first-article report and the golden sample is on our shelf.
Files, revisions and documentation
What to send, what each file is checked against, and how a revision change is controlled once a programme is running.
Gerber RS-274X for fabrication layers, Excellon for drill with plated and non-plated holes as separate files, IPC-356-D or IPC-D-356A for the netlist, and ODB++ if that is what your CAD tool exports. The BOM comes as CSV or XLSX and the centroid data as XYRS. Native CAD files are welcome as a reference but never as the master — the Gerber set is what the stencil, the AOI programme and the fab drawing are built from.
One row per unique part with the manufacturer part number, the manufacturer, the reference designators, the quantity per board, the package and the lifecycle status. A description alone is not purchasable, and a missing manufacturer name turns a one-day sourcing check into a three-day email thread. If a line is deliberately generic — a 1 % 100 k resistor, for example — say which parameters are free and which are locked so we can propose an alternate without asking.
The assembly drawing is where polarity, connector orientation, torque values, masking and coating keep-outs live, so yes. The panel drawing matters for automated assembly: rail width, fiducial placement, breakaway method and whether the panel fits a 610 × 510 mm frame. If you would rather not panelise, say so and we will design the panel and send it to you for approval before the stencil is cut.
Each revision gets its own traveller, its own stencil revision and its own first-article report. An ECO that changes a land pattern, a component or the stack-up triggers a new first article; a change to marking or packaging does not. Old revisions are purged from the line when the new one is released, so two revisions never run on the same shift. The MES record ties every serial number to the revision it was built to.
Components and sourcing
Who buys the material, where it comes from, and what happens when the market moves against your schedule.
Either, and hybrids are common. On a turnkey build we source everything against the approved BOM, from 4,000 part numbers already held on the shelf in a 12,000 sq ft ESD-controlled store, and buy the rest through authorised distribution. On a consigned build you ship the kit and we inspect it on arrival: quantity against the BOM, package against the drawing, moisture-barrier bag intact. Shortages are reported within one working day rather than discovered at kitting.
You hear about it in the DFM report, not after the order. Any line with a lead time beyond your target date is flagged with the date it would actually arrive, and at least one pin-compatible or functionally equivalent alternate is proposed with its own lifecycle status. Alternates are never substituted silently. Where a part is heading for end of life we will quote a last-time buy with the storage life and the cost of carrying it written down.
By buying from authorised distribution and franchised sources first, and by treating the open market as an exception that has to be justified in writing to you. Parts outside the authorised channel go through incoming inspection in the style of AS6081: documentation review, marking permanency, X-ray of the lead frame and, where risk remains, decapsulation and electrical verification. Every lot is recorded against the serial numbers it was consumed on.
Yes. Send the kit with a packing list that matches the BOM line by line, keep moisture-sensitive parts in their sealed bags with the humidity indicator card, and mark the date code if your quality system requires it. Consigned parts are inspected and counted on arrival, stored in the ESD store at the same conditions as our own stock, and any part that needs baking before reflow is baked to the MSL schedule rather than run wet.
Quality, inspection and acceptance limits
The standards we are assessed against, the gates every board passes, and the numbers that decide pass or fail.
The quality system is assessed to ISO 9001:2015, ISO 13485:2016 for medical devices, IATF 16949:2016 for automotive and AS9100D for aerospace, with ISO 14001:2015 for the environmental system. Work is built to IPC-A-610 Class 1, 2 or 3 as you specify, with J-STD-001 for soldering, IPC-7711/7721 for rework and repair, and ANSI/ESD S20.20-2021 for ESD control. Certificate numbers are not published; copies are released under NDA on request.
3D SPI on 100 % of boards after print, inline 3D AOI after reflow and again after depanel, and 2D plus 3D CT X-ray on every BGA, CSP, LGA and QFN. Aqueous cleaning is followed by an ionic contamination test against J-STD-001. Every new product introduction gets a first-article report with X-ray, cross-section and dimensional data, and no NPI moves to production without a signed FAI.
Paste volume is gated at a process capability of CpK 1.67 or better from the SPI data, and the line stops if a board falls outside the deposit tolerance. BGA and QFN voiding is accepted up to 25 % by area to IPC-A-610. Cleaning residue must come in at or below 1.56 µg NaCl-eq/cm². Placement accuracy is ±35 µm at 3σ for chip parts and ±25 µm at 3σ for fine pitch, on a reflow profile that repeats within ±1.5 °C.
The lot is quarantined the moment a gate fails, and containment is decided within the hour: what is affected, which serial numbers, and whether anything has already shipped. You get a non-conformance record with the measurement data behind it, the root cause as far as it is known, the corrective action with an owner and a date. Rework is written against IPC-7711/7721 before an operator touches the board, and customer notification is issued with the record rather than after it.
Test, fixtures and burn-in
Test coverage is a design decision with a price attached. These are the questions that decide which method earns its keep.
Yes — in-circuit, functional and combined fixtures, built in-house against your test specification. Fixture NRE is quoted as its own line and credited in full once the programme reaches 5,000 units. The fixture, the programming and the test programme become your property after first article, and we will ship them to you or to another supplier on request, which is what makes a future transfer possible.
Flying probe for prototypes and low volume, where there is no fixture to amortise and test points can be sparse. In-circuit test from roughly 500 units upwards, because fixture NRE spread over that volume is cheaper than probe time. Functional test whenever the board has to prove behaviour and not just continuity, and boundary scan where the device supports JTAG and the nets are hard to reach. Many programmes run two of the three in series.
Yes. Chambers run from 40 °C to 125 °C for burn-in and ESS, with functional monitoring during the soak where the fixture allows it. For programmes that need HALT or HASS, the test runs through our partner network with the fixture travelling with the boards so the same test coverage is applied. Burn-in is scheduled as its own operation, so it adds days to the lead time rather than hours, and it is quoted per unit per hour of chamber time.
Pricing, terms and tooling
What NRE buys, when money is due, and who ends up owning the stencils and fixtures.
Stencil fabrication, machine programming, AOI and SPI programme generation, and any fixture or test programme the build needs. On a standard single-sided SMT build the NRE is $0. On a mixed-technology or double-sided build you see it as a separate line so you can weigh it against the volume: a fixture NRE is credited in full at 5,000 units, and the stencil is a tooling line you own from the first article onwards.
Net 30 with approved credit, and Net 15 on a first order while the credit file is being built. Card payment is accepted under $10,000 for prototypes and one-off builds. Credit approval takes one or two working days and needs your registration details and a trade reference; it does not hold up the DFM review, which starts as soon as the files land.
30 days from issue, or shorter when a component's price validity window is shorter than that — in which case the quote says so on the line where it matters. A repeat order under a blanket agreement holds its material price for the year. If a quote expires and you come back, we re-price rather than extend, because a 90-day-old memory price is not a number either of us can plan on.
You do, after the first article is signed off. That covers laser-cut stainless stencils, wave and selective solder pallets, test fixtures and the machine and test programming written for your assembly. We keep them in labelled storage for the life of the programme at no charge, and we release them on written request — usually within 5 working days, crated and with the setup documentation that makes them usable elsewhere.
Logistics, shipping and warranties
Dates you can plan against, how the boards are packed, and what happens if a carton arrives wrong.
DFM review on a new BOM and Gerber set: 24 hours. Firm turnkey quote: 48 hours. Stencil fabrication from a released Gerber: 4 hours. Prototype PCBA of 5 to 50 boards with standard parts: 5 to 8 days, or 8 to 12 days with consigned or long-lead material. NPI pilot run: 15 days after DFM sign-off. Production repeat order: 21 to 28 days ARO. Turnkey ramp with full kitting: 4 to 5 weeks ARO.
Boards go into ESD bags with desiccant and a humidity indicator card, then into trays or foam that survive the carrier, then into a carton labelled with your part number, revision, quantity, date code and country of origin. We ship DDP or DAP as you prefer, prepare the commercial invoice with the HS code, and will use your carrier account or ours. Carrier transit is not part of the quoted lead time so that a customs delay does not look like a production delay.
Yes, and it is the normal way a blanket order runs. Each release ships with its own packing list and its own certificate of conformance, so a partial delivery is still auditable on its own. Partial shipments are quoted as one price with the freight lines separated, which keeps the unit price stable while making the extra cartons visible.
Note it on the carrier's paperwork and tell us the same day; we raise the carrier claim and start the replacement. Workmanship defects are covered by a 12 month warranty against the IPC-A-610 class on the drawing, and returns run through an RMA with a documented failure analysis. If the root cause is ours, the replacement and the analysis cost nothing. If the cause is a design or handling issue on your side, you get the analysis and a rework quote rather than an argument.
Confidentiality, IP and compliance
Who signs what, who can open your files, and which declarations come with the build.
A mutual NDA is the default, not a request you have to make. We will sign your paper if you prefer it, and we will sign before the first file is opened rather than after the quote. Nothing about your assembly, your volumes or your schedule is disclosed to anyone outside the programme, and no customer name or logo is referenced without written consent.
The engineers on your programme: the DFM reviewer, the NPI engineer, the process engineer and quality. Access is by named account, and the file share records who opened what. Distributors and subcontractors never receive design data — at most they receive the single drawing needed to quote a part, with the customer name removed. ITAR-controlled technical data stays in San Jose, is handled only by US persons, and is never copied to the Penang plant.
Assemblies are built to RoHS 2011/65/EU including the (EU) 2015/863 amendment as standard, with leaded exemptions only where your drawing calls one out and the exemption is still valid. REACH declarations are issued per build with any SVHC present above 0.1 % w/w named on the declaration. Material certificates from the distributor are filed against the serial numbers the parts were consumed on, so a declaration can be reconstructed years later.
We run due diligence in the OECD framework and support reporting under SEC 13p-1. Suppliers are asked annually for smelter and refiner information, we report what we receive rather than what we assume, and smelter lists are available on request under NDA. Where a supplier cannot or will not answer, that fact is recorded in the report instead of being smoothed over.
What we do not do
Three straight answers, because a supplier that claims everything is a supplier you cannot plan with.
No. We assemble boards: SMT, through-hole, mixed technology, test and box build. Bare-board fabrication is a different process with its own chemistry, and we would rather be honest about the boundary than hold your schedule hostage to a supplier we cannot control. You can ship boards to us directly from your fabricator, or send your fab drawing and we will quote the assembly and tell you which board features will decide the yield.
We review layout, we do not originate it. Our DFM engineers check land patterns against IPC-7351B, panelisation, thermal relief on heavy copper, test-point access, and the clearance the placement heads need. That review catches the issues that cost money at first article — a 0.2 mm mask sliver between two pads, or a fine-pitch part rotated against its centroid data — but it is not a substitute for your own layout engineer.
No. NDA is the default across the business, so 400 programmes since 2009 have run without a public logo wall. Programme examples on this site are anonymised by industry, region and board class, and even those are published only where the customer has agreed. If you need a reference call for a supplier qualification, we will ask a customer whose programme resembles yours and connect you directly.
No. NDA is the default across the business, so 400 programmes since 2009 have run without a public logo wall. Programme examples on this site are anonymised by industry, region and board class, and even those are published only where the customer has agreed. If you need a reference call for a supplier qualification, we will ask a customer whose programme resembles yours and connect you directly.
Where to go next
If the answer you need is not on this page, one of these three will carry it.
Still stuck? Email sales@flashpointpcba.com, call +1 408 555 0142, or read the capability pages for the process detail behind these answers.
Thirty-four answers here. Your question may not be one of them.
Send it with the files and you will get an answer with a number in it — usually inside one working day.